Systems in physical geography: systems concepts and their application to the water and carbon cycles inputs – outputs, energy, stores/components, flows/transfers, positive/negative feedback, dynamic equilibrium.
To first study the water cycle we must understand the following terms, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere.
Lithosphere - The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below. Hydrosphere -A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapour, or ice. Cryosphere - the cryosphere is the frozen part of the earth's system. Atmosphere - the atmosphere is a layer of gases the surround the earth. |
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/lithosphere/
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