Spines to discourage animals from eating the plant.
Waxy coating on stems and leaves - to reduce water loss.
Long root systems spread out wide or go deep into the ground to absorb water.
Plants can store water in their stems or leaves, these are called succulents.
No leaves to reduce water loss during photosynthesis. These plants conduct photosynthesis in their green stems.
Seeds can remain dormant for years, then start to grow when the rain does come.
Leaves with hair - these help shade the plant, reducing water loss. Other plants have leaves that turn throughout the day to expose a minimum surface area to the heat.
Many plants are slower growing – this requires less energy. The plants don't have to make as much food and therefore do not lose as much water.